More than 20 different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available commercially, and these agents are used worldwide for their analgesic antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects in patients with multiple medical conditions.…
It is now evident that patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can also benefit from the use of fixed-dose combinations, including combinations of a long-acting β2-agonist…
A major goal of contemporary epilepsy research is the identification of therapies to prevent the development of recurrent seizures in individuals at risk, including those with brain injuries, infections, or…
According to medical literature, somewhere between 70 million and 85 million Americans suffer from gastrointestinal problems, leading to nearly 275,000 deaths each year. These conditions are responsible for close to…
Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. If left untreated, lung disease can produce health complications, problematic…
There is only one nervous system, but for ease of description it is traditionally divided into the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous…
The renal system filters the blood and forms the urine. There are three major functions: (i) the cortex has an outer layer of glomeruli for filtration, (ii) the medulla includes…
In the US, about 79 million people have hypertension. About 86% of these people are aware that they have hypertension, only 71% are being treated, and only 47% have adequately…
Pharmacology can be defined as the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive loss of renal function that lasts for more than 3 months, and is classified according to the degree of kidney damage…